Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch Ripeness Detection Methods: A Systematic Review

The increasing severity of the labour shortage problem in Malaysian palm oil industry has created a need to explore other avenues for harvesting fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) such as through autonomous robots’ deployment. However, first step using an system harvest FFBs is identify which have become ripe and are ready be harvested. In this work, we reviewed previous current methods identifying maturity found literature. different were then compared terms types sample data used, sensor modalities, classifiers used with particular focus on feasibility each method on-field application. From 51 papers reviewed, include total 11 unique approaches, it was that most feasible detecting field combination computer vision deep learning. This advantages being noncontact approach low cost while also able operate real time high accuracy.